Rosa Parks (1913)
American civil rights activist whose refusal to surrender her bus seat to a white passenger in 1955 sparked the Montgomery Bus Boycott, a pivotal event in the civil rights movement.
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Queen Victoria (1819)
Queen of the United Kingdom from 1837 until 1901. Her reign of 63 years is known as the Victorian era, a period of industrial, cultural, and political change across Britain and the world.
Albert Einstein (1879)
German-born theoretical physicist who developed the theory of relativity. His work on the photoelectric effect earned him the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921.
Isaac Newton (1643)
English mathematician, physicist, and astronomer widely recognized as one of the most influential scientists of all time. His Principia Mathematica laid the foundations for classical mechanics.
Florence Nightingale (1820)
English social reformer, statistician, and founder of modern nursing. She came to prominence while serving as a manager of nurses during the Crimean War.
Amelia Earhart (1897)
American aviation pioneer and author. She was the first female aviator to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean in 1932. She disappeared in 1937 during an attempt to circumnavigate the globe.
Cleopatra VII (69 BC)
Last active ruler of the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt. A diplomat, naval commander, and polyglot who spoke nine languages, she became one of the most famous figures of the ancient world.