Ada Lovelace (1815)

English naturalist best known for his contributions to the science of evolution. His book On the Origin of Species established natural selection as the foundation of evolutionary biology.

German-born theoretical physicist who developed the theory of relativity. His work on the photoelectric effect earned him the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921.

Indian lawyer and political ethicist who employed nonviolent resistance to lead the successful campaign for Indian independence from British rule, inspiring civil rights movements worldwide.

Queen of the United Kingdom from 1837 until 1901. Her reign of 63 years is known as the Victorian era, a period of industrial, cultural, and political change across Britain and the world.

Last active ruler of the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt. A diplomat, naval commander, and polyglot who spoke nine languages, she became one of the most famous figures of the ancient world.

South African anti-apartheid leader who served as the first president of South Africa from 1994 to 1999. He spent 27 years in prison before leading the transition from apartheid to democracy.