Rosa Parks (1913)
American civil rights activist whose refusal to surrender her bus seat to a white passenger in 1955 sparked the Montgomery Bus Boycott, a pivotal event in the civil rights movement.
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Isaac Newton (1643)
English mathematician, physicist, and astronomer widely recognized as one of the most influential scientists of all time. His Principia Mathematica laid the foundations for classical mechanics.
Charles Darwin (1809)
English naturalist best known for his contributions to the science of evolution. His book On the Origin of Species established natural selection as the foundation of evolutionary biology.
Abraham Lincoln (1809)
16th President of the United States who led the nation through the Civil War and abolished slavery with the Emancipation Proclamation. Widely regarded as one of the greatest American presidents.
Martin Luther King Jr. (1929)
American Baptist minister and activist who became the most visible leader of the civil rights movement. He advanced civil rights through nonviolence and civil disobedience, inspired by Gandhi.
Queen Victoria (1819)
Queen of the United Kingdom from 1837 until 1901. Her reign of 63 years is known as the Victorian era, a period of industrial, cultural, and political change across Britain and the world.
Nelson Mandela (1918)
South African anti-apartheid leader who served as the first president of South Africa from 1994 to 1999. He spent 27 years in prison before leading the transition from apartheid to democracy.