Queen Victoria (1819)
Queen of the United Kingdom from 1837 until 1901. Her reign of 63 years is known as the Victorian era, a period of industrial, cultural, and political change across Britain and the world.
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Martin Luther King Jr. (1929)
American Baptist minister and activist who became the most visible leader of the civil rights movement. He advanced civil rights through nonviolence and civil disobedience, inspired by Gandhi.
Amelia Earhart (1897)
American aviation pioneer and author. She was the first female aviator to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean in 1932. She disappeared in 1937 during an attempt to circumnavigate the globe.
Rosa Parks (1913)
American civil rights activist whose refusal to surrender her bus seat to a white passenger in 1955 sparked the Montgomery Bus Boycott, a pivotal event in the civil rights movement.
Charles Darwin (1809)
English naturalist best known for his contributions to the science of evolution. His book On the Origin of Species established natural selection as the foundation of evolutionary biology.
Albert Einstein (1879)
German-born theoretical physicist who developed the theory of relativity. His work on the photoelectric effect earned him the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921.
Nelson Mandela (1918)
South African anti-apartheid leader who served as the first president of South Africa from 1994 to 1999. He spent 27 years in prison before leading the transition from apartheid to democracy.