Albert Einstein (1879)
German-born theoretical physicist who developed the theory of relativity. His work on the photoelectric effect earned him the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921.
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Florence Nightingale (1820)
English social reformer, statistician, and founder of modern nursing. She came to prominence while serving as a manager of nurses during the Crimean War.
Isaac Newton (1643)
English mathematician, physicist, and astronomer widely recognized as one of the most influential scientists of all time. His Principia Mathematica laid the foundations for classical mechanics.
Martin Luther King Jr. (1929)
American Baptist minister and activist who became the most visible leader of the civil rights movement. He advanced civil rights through nonviolence and civil disobedience, inspired by Gandhi.
Marie Curie (1867)
Polish-French physicist and chemist who conducted pioneering research on radioactivity. She was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize and the only person to win Nobels in two sciences.
Queen Victoria (1819)
Queen of the United Kingdom from 1837 until 1901. Her reign of 63 years is known as the Victorian era, a period of industrial, cultural, and political change across Britain and the world.
Charles Darwin (1809)
English naturalist best known for his contributions to the science of evolution. His book On the Origin of Species established natural selection as the foundation of evolutionary biology.