Queen Victoria (1819)
Queen of the United Kingdom from 1837 until 1901. Her reign of 63 years is known as the Victorian era, a period of industrial, cultural, and political change across Britain and the world.
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Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756)
Austrian composer widely regarded as among the greatest musical geniuses of all time. Despite his short life of 35 years, he composed over 600 works that remain cornerstones of classical music.
Charles Darwin (1809)
English naturalist best known for his contributions to the science of evolution. His book On the Origin of Species established natural selection as the foundation of evolutionary biology.
Mahatma Gandhi (1869)
Indian lawyer and political ethicist who employed nonviolent resistance to lead the successful campaign for Indian independence from British rule, inspiring civil rights movements worldwide.
Ada Lovelace (1815)
English mathematician and writer, known for her work on the Analytical Engine designed by Charles Babbage. She is often regarded as the first computer programmer for her notes on the machine.
Marie Curie (1867)
Polish-French physicist and chemist who conducted pioneering research on radioactivity. She was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize and the only person to win Nobels in two sciences.
Cleopatra VII (69 BC)
Last active ruler of the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt. A diplomat, naval commander, and polyglot who spoke nine languages, she became one of the most famous figures of the ancient world.